019 implicature palter weasel wording 021 Brandolini's law / bullshit asymmetry principle 021 Wakefield's fraud on vaccine 032 top headline phrases 040 firehose strategy 041 Pope on coprophilia 042 Jenna Abrams 065 50 medical studies: correlation or causation? 074 X 軸 Y 軸因果關係 075 marshmallow 077 Tyler Vigen Spurious Correlations 078 data dredging 081 necessary/sufficient/probabilistic cause 097 percentage vs percentage point 100 Goodhart's law @ Hanoi 107 mathiness 121 experienced mean class size 125 observation selection effects 129 Berkson's paradox 134 data censoring 151 dataviz duck 177 principle of proportional ink 205 consistent vs proof 208 portable pneumonia 210 machine indoctrination (perpetuating biases) 210 algorithmic accountability + algorithmic transparency 213 curse of dimensionality 222 prosecutor's fallacy + p-value 228 p-hacking and publication bias